Is the dramatic surge in freight prices beginning to hit corporate America where it hurts?
Taking at face value General Mills Inc.'s commentary that accompanied the release of its fiscal 2018 third-quarter results today, the answer would be an unqualified yes. The Minneapolis-based food giant reported operating profits that Chairman and CEO Jeffrey Harmening said "fell well short" of the company's expectations. The reason: sharp increases in input costs, including North American freight services, which inflated in February to levels that General Mills hasn't seen for many years.
Company executives said they are urgently looking at implementing steps such as "increasing the number of qualified carriers" the company partners with, as well as utilizing different modes of transportation, which means intermodal. The impact of such actions would not fully kick in until the next fiscal year, they admitted. General Mills' equity, which normally doesn't see big daily price gyrations in either direction, fell nearly 9 percent as of the close of trading, taking the equity prices of other big food companies, which are also large shippers, down with it.
General Mills would hardly be alone in being caught in the freight-cost vise. For the past 10 months, virtually every data point has pointed to escalating prices, bringing to reality the long-made prediction that supply conditions had become so tight that all it would take to send freight costs up would be a solid and sustained economic recovery similar to what is happening today. Anecdotes have followed suit, with veteran observers warning of the tightest trucking market in at least 15 years, and perhaps longer.
The latest data points surfaced today in audit and payment provider Cass Information Systems Inc.'s monthly indexes for February covering all domestic transportation modes. Cass' truckload line-haul index, which excludes fuel and accessorial charges, rose 6.5 percent in February, the 11th consecutive monthly increase. Cass' intermodal price index, which includes fuel costs, rose 5.4 percent last month, its 17th straight monthly gain. Intermodal prices are continuing to strengthen, said Donald Broughton, the veteran transport analyst who pens the Cass reports.
As for truckload, over the last seven months Broughton has raised his pricing forecast to a range of 6 to 8 percent higher, from a minus-1-percent to positive 2-percent range. In what has become a familiar refrain, one that those who consume freight for a living would likely concur with, Broughton said he believes the "risk to our estimate may be to the upside."
Cass' flagship monthly freight index, which includes all modes, delivered even more striking year-over-year results. Freight "expenditures"—or prices—exploded in February by 14.3 percent. Shipments rose 11.4 percent year over year. Just from January, expenditures and shipments increased 5.9 and 5.2 percent, respectively. These gains come during what is often considered the slowest seasonal period of the year. Ironically, one of the paradoxes facing General Mills is that as its volumes grew in the quarter, so did its operating costs.
In his comments, Broughton said he doesn't see overall demand slacking off any time soon. Resurgent oil prices have sparked a renewed boom in the industrial economy, just as the collapse in the energy complex in 2014 led to the industrial recovery's end. More tellingly, and somewhat counter to expectations, since they had been written off as parent material, millennials are pushing into the "household formation" cycle and are accumulating the goods that come with that stage of life, Broughton said. Given that there are more millennials than baby boomers, consumer spending is "poised to be strong" for the foreseeable future, Broughton said.
The analyst acknowledged that "pricing power has erupted" with such velocity that it is bound to spark concern over inflationary pressures feeding through into the broader economy. However, the price surges of today are likely to have no meaningful impact on the long-term inflation outlook, he said. To support his view, Broughton trotted out two of transportation's immutable laws: That pricing is cyclical because the service is based on derived demand, and that better pricing spurs decisions to create capacity, either by adding assets or by leveraging technology to boost asset utilization.
Add to that the improvements in IT that allow for improved price discovery and asset visibility, and that the vast majority of carriers have under-invested in their physical assets, Broughton said he's confident in the "industry's ability to use increased profitability to fund enough capacity to kill outsized pricing gains in the long term."
That may be so. But that's cold comfort today to the Wheaties guys in the Twin Cities.
